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by Clare Siobhan
Fasting simply means going without food for a time. Many people have undergone a fast for medical reasons, such as before getting a blood sample drawn or before surgery, or for other health reasons, and in these cases the rules are clear: “No food or water after midnight the night before,” for example.
The Catholic Church also prescribes a fast for our spiritual health, on two special days during the year: Ash Wednesday and Good Friday. Here, too, the rules are clear:
No meat. Only one full meal that day. Two smaller meals that together do not add up to one full meal. No food between meals.
This is the minimum penance required by the Church, and even then it is not binding if it impairs your ability to work or otherwise perform your duties on those two days. Fasting is not dieting; it is a spiritual practice.
The Church encourages us to do more, though, if we can, and make regular fasting and penance part of our lives, year-round. If you’re old enough, and if you’re not expecting or nursing a baby, and if your health permits it, try one of these fasts:
• Observe the old-fashioned Catholic custom of eating no meat on Fridays even when it’s not Lent. Many people are unaware of the fact that we are really expected to abstain from meat on all Fridays, even outside of Lent. However, church law says we may eat meat on Fridays if we substitute some other form of penance.
• On Wednesdays and Fridays, consume bread and water only. This is a popular fast, promoted by the Marian devotion movement.
• On Wednesdays and/or Fridays, consume nothing except water all day. (Or black tea only, which the Irish called a “black fast.”) Break your fast with your family at dinnertime. If you want to extend the fast, begin it the night before by passing up dessert and eating no snacks that night. And if you’re skipping breakfast, no fair sleeping in: get up at the regular time and spend that time in prayer.
• Eat three meals a day as usual, but consume nothing between meals and skip all desserts or other sweets.
• Follow the rules of fasting normally observed on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday: partial breakfast, partial lunch, full dinner, no snacks, no meat. Poor Clare nuns, following the practices of St. Francis and St. Clare, fast like this every day: 365 days a year. Try fasting like this for the 40 days of Lent.
• Resolve not to have a second helping of anything. To make this even more penitential, have someone who doesn’t know you’re doing this load your plate for you, so you’re not tempted to give yourself a second helping at the front end.
But why would anyone want to do this? Yes, fasting is a form of penance and reparation for sin, but how does going without food help us grow closer to Jesus? What do I mean when I say that fasting is the “bat phone” to the indwelling Holy Spirit?
Here are a few things I’ve experienced and learned from fasting:
The self-control learned from fasting spills over into other areas of life. If you can learn to control your appetite for food, you can also control your other appetites.
When I haven’t eaten all day and I’m hungry and tired, I feel a greater unity with the poor and a greater desire to help them, because they often must fast not by choice but because they have no way to get food. Jesus is very close to the poor.
When I’m so hungry that even birdseed begins to look appetizing, I have a greater understanding for people who chase after all the wrong things in order to satisfy their spiritual hunger. If my body starts to complain after only a few hours without food, imagine the many souls who are suffering deeply after going for years without Jesus, the only true spiritual food.
I realize that sometimes I eat mindlessly, out of boredom, or to comfort myself. Fasting teaches me to make use of food and other comforts more mindfully and with greater appreciation. Fasting empties us out so that God can fill us up.
If a fast is going well (not by my own efforts but by God’s grace), my body stops complaining and a spiritual awareness kicks in. My desire for food disappears, in fact. I become interiorly docile and peaceful, and my body and my mind become aware of what my spirit lives daily—longing for the day of perfect union with Jesus. “My soul yearns for you in the night. My spirit within me keeps vigil for you.” (Isaiah 26:9)
Just as often, a fast won’t go so well, and I arrive home from work hungry and irritable. That is the time to humbly accept my human weakness and break my fast so that I can contribute to a peaceful, happy atmosphere in my home and not make my penance a cross for the people I live with.
Fasting is definitely worth doing. If you have trouble persevering in a fast, try offering it up for a particular intention or for a particular person who needs your prayers. Use your fast to make reparation for a specific fault or sin—one of your own or one of the “societal” sins, such as abortion, sins against chastity, pornography, gambling, and so on. God will honor every effort.
(This article originally appeared in the Family Centered Faith Formation News, volume 4, issue 6, February 2007, produced by the Holy Trinity Office of Religious Education, Westmont IL)